Is Alcoholism Genetic?

What factors make one person more prone to addictive behaviours than others? Is it coded in our DNA? Does alcoholism run in families? Is there such a thing as an “alcohol gene?”

Genetics and hereditary factors could explain a part of what’s happening but alcoholism is never that simple. Research has shown that certain genetic variations can increase an individual’s susceptibility to alcoholism by affecting how the body metabolises alcohol, responds to its effects, and regulates neurotransmitters in the brain. Genetics alone, however, do not determine one’s fate. Environmental factors, such as family upbringing and social influences, also play a significant role.

What Is Alcohol Tolerance?

Genetics impact the so-called alcohol tolerance and this is one of the mechanisms that could contribute to an increased risk of addiction.
Alcohol tolerance refers to the body’s ability to withstand higher levels of alcohol without showing signs of intoxication. It can vary greatly from person to person, with some individuals needing larger amounts of alcohol to feel its effects. The development of alcohol tolerance is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research shows that certain genes play a role in determining an individual’s response to alcohol and their susceptibility to developing tolerance over time. Understanding the genetic basis of alcohol tolerance can help us better comprehend why some people are more prone to developing alcoholism than others. By identifying these genetic markers, we can potentially develop personalised treatments for those struggling with addiction.

Is There an Alcohol Addiction Gene?

Alcoholism is a complex disorder that can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While there isn’t a single “alcohol addiction gene,” research suggests that genetics play a significant role in the development of alcohol addiction. To answer the question posed in the title of this section, there isn’t a single alcohol addiction gene. Research suggests there are over 400 locations in a person’s genome (the complete set of genetic material we have) that are linked to an increased risk of alcohol misuse. Research is clear on one thing – a family history of alcohol addiction can increase an individual’s risk of going through the same. The role of environmental factors that trigger addictive behaviours, however, isn’t to be underestimated either.

Is Alcoholism Hereditary?

The heritability of alcoholism has been estimated to be around 50 to 60 per cent. this is especially true for parent to child transmission of certain genetic variants.

Studies exploring the genetic basis of alcoholism suggest that genetic factors significantly contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to alcohol dependence. A study reported that variations in genes related to alcohol metabolism, such as those in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme groups, are strongly associated with alcohol-related disorders. For instance, the ALDH2*2 genetic variant, commonly found in Asian populations, leads to a build-up of acetaldehyde after alcohol consumption, resulting in unpleasant reactions that reduce alcohol intake. 

Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated other genetic pathways, such as those involving the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems, as minor but relevant factors in the development of alcohol dependence. While the effects of individual genetic variants tend to be small, their cumulative impact and interactions with environmental factors create a complex network of risk.

Additionally, further findings emphasise the familial transmission of alcohol dependence, highlighting a genetic predisposition that is influenced by environmental interactions. Twin and adoption studies referenced in the project demonstrate that first-degree relatives of individuals with alcohol dependence are at a markedly higher risk of developing the disorder themselves. Importantly, the COGA project identifies phenotypes associated with alcoholism – ranging from altered neurophysiological markers, like reduced P300 amplitudes on EEG, to behavioral traits – which may serve as intermediate markers linking genetic risk with clinical outcomes. As genetic mapping progresses, it becomes increasingly evident that alcoholism is not attributable to a single gene but rather to multiple genes interacting within broader biological and environmental contexts.

These genes are involved in various biological processes, such as neurotransmitter release, reward pathways, and stress response. Variations in these genes can affect how the brain responds to alcohol and influences an individual’s likelihood of becoming addicted.

However, it is important to note that genetics alone do not determine whether someone will develop an alcohol addiction. As specialists in the field of addiction recovery, we understand that alcoholism is a lot more complex than just a set of risk factors. Genetics are important but so are one’s surroundings and life events that could trigger addictive episodes.

If you believe that you may be experiencing issues with alcohol misuse, do get in touch with the Providence Projects. Compassion and decades of know-how will help us pinpoint the right therapeutic approach. Together, we will come up with a holistic strategy that will maximise the prospects of long-term recovery.

Alcohol Use Disorder Risk Factors

If you have a family history of alcohol addiction, your risk for developing Alcohol Use Disorder may be higher than the average. Additionally, environmental factors such as exposure to alcohol at an early age and social influences can also increase the risk. Understanding these genetic and environmental risk factors is crucial for identifying individuals who may be more susceptible to developing Alcohol Use Disorder. By recognising these risk factors, interventions and prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the impact of alcoholism on individuals and their families.

Can You Get Genetic Tests for Alcoholism?

There is no specific genetic test to determine one’s risk of alcoholism. Medical researchers, however, have been working on the development of genetic screening to accurately identify “faulty” genes.
A few years back, researchers from the Indiana School of Medicine in the US came up with screening focused on 11 genes. The researchers concluded that assessing these genetic variants provides an accurate estimate of one’s alcoholism risk. Research was conducted on two continents and involved three distinct patient populations. The results showed reasonable consistency in the identification of alcoholism risk.
We’re still a long way to go before such genetic testing becomes routine. Still, the scientific community is working hard to provide answers and help identify risks early enough. Equipped with such information, many people will be capable of introducing lifestyle changes bound to decrease the likelihood of developing alcohol misuse issues.

Alcohol Rehab in England

When seeking alcohol addiction treatment in England, you can find effective rehab options at The Providence Projects. Located in Bournemouth, our addiction treatment centre offers comprehensive programs to help people overcome their struggles with alcoholism. With a deep understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to alcohol addiction, The Providence Projects provides personalised care and support for each individual’s unique needs. Through evidence-based therapies, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and group counselling sessions, patients can gain valuable insight into the underlying causes of their addiction and develop healthy coping mechanisms.