The History of Ketamine Use in Medicine

Discovered in the 1960s, Ketamine, a powerful anaesthetic and pain reliever, quickly became a staple for surgical procedures due to its unique properties. In recent years, ketamine has shown promise as a treatment for depression, revolutionising mental health care. However, ketamine addiction is a growing concern for treatment specialists within the country, as the rates of ketamine addiction admissions are rising every year.

This article explores the evolution of ketamine use in medicine, from its initial discovery to its current applications and controversial aspects. Join us as we delve into the history of this dangerous drug.

Discovery and Patenting

Ketamine was first discovered and developed in the 1960s as an anaesthetic and analgesic medication. It was synthesised by Calvin Stevens, a scientist working for Parke-Davis, a pharmaceutical company. Initially, ketamine was considered a potential replacement for PCP, which at the time was used as a surgical anaesthetic but had significant side effects.

According to the Google Patents data platform, there are several ketamine-related patents, including this withdrawn one by the European Patent Office which patents ketamine formulations for administration to the inner and middle ear. The inventors are listed as Thomas Jay Lobl, Stephen Joseph Mccormack, John Vinton Schloss, Anna Imola Nagy and Jacob E. Pananen.

As we mentioned in the introduction, ketamine is now being suggested as a medication for people struggling with depression. In fact, patent BR112020012473A2 “Esketamine”, registered under Brazilian jurisdiction, was submitted specifically for use in treating depressive conditions. Curiously enough, this application was suspended after a preliminary examination in August 2022.

What Makes Ketamine Dangerous?

For many, ketamine is more known as “Special K” or “K”, as it’s often used illegally in club and rave environments and communities across the UK. It’s also been colloquially called a “horse tranquilliser” or “horse tranq”, since ketamine is primarily used as an anaesthetic in veterinary practices.

While ketamine is approved for use in animals and humans, it is not a horse-exclusive medication. This is why it is also available in various forms in human pharmacology.

What makes Ketamine dangerous, however, is abuse of this medication. The Providence Projects has helped thousands of people struggling with drug addiction, many of whom were fighting the effects of ketamine abuse. Amy, for example, who just recently talked to VICE about her experience in our residential rehab clinic, shared that she was suffering from serious consequences of ketamine abuse. Her lifestyle and social circles pushed her into using this medication recreationally, which by default means she abused it.

While for her, ketamine addiction appeared within a period, many get “hooked” from the first try. This is why raising awareness and keeping our communities informed is a constant task that we, The Providence Projects, strive to run continuously.

The Dangers of Ketamine Abuse

1. Physical Health Risks:
   Damage to the bladder and urinary tract, which can lead to painful urination, incontinence, and even the need for surgical intervention.
   Impaired motor skills and coordination, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries.
   Cardiovascular issues, including high blood pressure and heart palpitations.
2. Psychological Consequences:
   Hallucinations, dissociation, and altered perceptions that can be distressing and lead to emotional instability.
   Anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks during and after use.
   Increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as depression or psychosis.
3. Dependency and Tolerance:
   Ketamine can be psychologically addictive, leading to cravings and compulsive use.
   Tolerance can develop rapidly, necessitating higher doses to achieve the desired effects, which can increase the risk of overdose.
4. Overdose and Death:
   Ketamine overdose can result in severe respiratory depression, leading to unconsciousness and death.
   Mixing ketamine with other substances, such as alcohol or opioids, significantly increases the risk of overdose.
5. Social and Legal Consequences:
   Ketamine abuse can strain relationships, leading to social isolation and alienation from friends and family.
   Possession and recreational use of ketamine are often illegal, carrying legal consequences if caught by authorities.
6. Long-Term Cognitive Impairment:
   Chronic ketamine abuse may lead to long-term cognitive deficits, including memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
7. Financial and Occupational Impact:
   Addiction can lead to financial strain, as individuals may spend significant sums on acquiring the drug.
   Ketamine abuse can interfere with one’s ability to work and maintain stable employment.

Our Fight Against Ketamine Abuse

Addressing Ketamine addiction involves a comprehensive and tailored approach to help overcome dependency on the drug. Our primary goal is to provide effective treatment, support and resources to guide people struggling with this condition on their journey to recovery.

If you or a loved one is using ketamine outside of a prescription, then you need help. Ketamine addiction can cause irreversible physiological effects, and eliminating any dependence on this substance will increase your quality of life.

With our holistic approach to treating addiction through a combination of alternative and traditional therapies, The Providence Projects can help you and your family heal from the damage caused by this substance.